Many parts of Puntland remain generally dry leading to persistence of severe to extreme drought conditions. Pasture and water are in a complete depletion in key pastoral livelihoods across Puntland.
Mudug basin, Southern-east part of Haud plateau, Nugal Valley, Karkar Plateau and part of Dharoor Valley are the most livelihood zones affected by the current drought conditions.
Specifically, Jarriban, Goldogob, Gaalkacyo, Xarfo, Buurtinle, Garowe, Godobjiiran, Eyl, Dongoroyo, Qardho, Rako, Xaafuun and Iskushuban districts are in extreme drought conditions. The rest of the districts are in severe conditions.
Map 1 shows the drought severity in Puntland.

Severe water crises have resulted to increased water trucking and prices, which pastoral and agro-pastoral households meet through increased debt accumulation on and/or livestock sales.
The high water demand is also overstretching the few functional permanent water sources.
Most of the communities in the drought effected areas are largely depending on water tracking which leads to a huge pressure to already depleting water tables. Rehabilitation of boreholes and natural springs are very essential in this critical time.

Preliminary results from the ongoing strategic water survey in Puntland indicate that 60% of the strategic water sources are operating more than 12 hours per day.
On other hand, there is spike water trucking whereby a significant number of strategic water sources serve more than 15 water trucks per day.
Map 2 & 3 shows the operation hours and water trucking activities of the strategic water sources respectively.